Bertoua is the capital of the East Region and of the Lom-et-Djérem department — gateway to a vast forest territory bordering CAR and Congo, about 350 km from Yaoundé.
The city combines an administrative and commercial role with a rural hinterland: farming, forest, transit trade. The working-age population is young, often in the informal sector; education and health supply remain constrained. For humanitarian work, this is a very different setting from the capital: less dense, more exposed to regional poverty gaps, and historically shaped by migration and flows to/from neighbouring countries (including CAR).
INS (ECAM5) ranks the East among regions where poverty exceeds the national average (37.7%). Older series (ECAM4 / World Bank) showed improvement between 2001 and 2014 (East at 30.0% in 2014) — not directly comparable to ECAM5, but the contrast with Yaoundé (10.8%) remains clear.